Method and apparatus for waving hair



`Oct. 13, 1931.

H. BQNAT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed July 174. l1929 INVENTOR 7J /7 BY MMM .ATTORNE i Patented .ct.v 13, 1931 "UNITED STATES Pjxrlslrr4 OFFICE BON'AT, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD AND APPARATUS non wAvING :am

Application led July 17, 1929. Serial No. 378,880.

winding the hair from the free ends upon a metal spindle until the hair is under teni sion, applying a pad moistened with a suitable lotion to the hair, and then subjecting the pad and the hair enclosed therein to heat for a suiicient period to fix the curl.v Owing to the rounded contour of the head, and the' necessity for employing a straight spindle for winding, it is apparent that the curlwill commence at varying distances from the roots of the hair and consequently the revvsulting wave does. not lie uniformly and is not, therefore, satisfactory.

I commonly about three inches in length, an`

It is the object of the present invention to' avoid the ldifficulty heretofore experienced in producing a satisfactory wave by the croquinole method and also to aordimprovements in, the apparatus employed in carrying out the method whereby the operation is facilitated to produce a wave having the desired characteristics and appearance.'

I have discovered that by treating a strand of hair not exceeding one and a halfinches in width it is possible to clamp the hair more closely adjacent to the scalp and tol produce, therefore, a-'more uniform and satisfactory wave. In carrying out the method, I employ, instead of the usual clamps which are improved clamp which is much shorter and is designed to secure a flattened strand of the hair approximately one inch and not ex l ceeding one anda half inches in width. The

clamp may be disposed so close to the scalp that it conforms practically to -the curvature of the head", that is. to say, the distance between the. roots of the hairs andthe coni-v mencement of the wave is substantially uniform when the operation is'eompleted.

In carryingl out the invention, Il prefer to employ an improved clamp to grip the hair firmly adjacent the scalp. Theclampincludes adapted to arms pivoted topprovide a jaw with grooves on the inner face of each arm. I provide a resllient member 1n one of the grooves consisting preferably of a piece of rubber tubing which is mounted on a rod or coiled wire. The hair is disposed between the rubvber tubing and the groove on the opposite side of the jaw. The clamp is 'then locked by a suitable device s'o that the hair is gripped firmly and cannot be pulled at the scalp when it is Wound tightly on the spindle.

The spindle comprises a metal rod preferably of smaller diameter at the middle than at the ends, with a locking finger which is hold the ends ofthe strand of hair'while the vstrand is being wound on the spindle. The spindle is supported in suitable lugs on the clamp, and means is provided to prevent unwinding of the hair after it -has been Wound on the spindle.

After the hair has been wound on the spmfdle; a `pad which has been moistened with a suitable lotion, such as is commonlyemployed in the art, is -disposed'about the spindle, and

the clampcarrying the spindle and pad is enclosedvwithin a suitable housing which is provided with means for heating, preferably an electrical heating element which 1s connected to a suitable source of current. Thus heat is supplied to the hair through the overlying'pad, and the heat is continued until the wave has been set. The hair .is then released from the spindle and clamp.v It will be understood that in the operation of the methoda plurality of strands. of hair' are wound upon a number of spindles held in clamps which are arranged upon vthe head in a manner such as to produce the desired wave. Heat is applied simultaneously to all of the strands, and the waving may be completed in one or more operations as desired.

The invention will bel understood more readily b'y reference to the following specification and accompanying drawings, 1n

` Fig. l is a plan view of the clamp;

Fig. 2 is-a similar view of the clamp showing the jaw open;

Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of the clamp;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the clamp with the spindle and heater;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of theclamp and spindle;

Fig. 6 is a section on theline 6 6 ofl Fig. 5 g.,

erably, with hard rubber, one of the arms being rigidly connected to a bracket 7 while the other is pivoted at 8 thereto. Felt pads 9 are secured to the rear faces of the arms and are adapted to be .disposed adjacent the scalp.

Grooves 10 are provided onthe inner faces of the arms 5 and 6, and Yin one of'these grooves a resilient member such as a piece of rubber tubing 11 is supported on a rod 12. One end of this rod is secured by a pin 13 in a slot 14 in the bracket 7 the other end being free. In place of the rod, a coiledzwire 12 Fier. 8) ma be employed to support theA rubber tubing. I

The clamp is locked by an arm 15 pivotally secured to the free end of the arm 5 and adapted to engage slots 16 and 17in the arms 5 and 6. An eccentric lever 18 is pivoted to the arm and engages the arm 6 to force the llrrns closely together and thus to grip the air.

`When the hair has been clamped adjacent the scalp, a spindle 2() having a pivoted nger 21 is supported in the bracket 7 and in a similar bracket 22 at the opposite end of the clamp. Ratchet teeth 23 on the spindle are adapted to engage a pawl 24 so that the spindle can be rotated only in one direction. A pin 19 with a squared end engaging the bracket 22 is rotatably mounted in a bushing 19 which is forced into the end of the spind-le 20. The bushing 19 has internal ratchet teeth which are engaged by a spring pawl 21 secured to the pin 19. rlhus the spindle 20 may be rotated relatively to the pin 19 in one-direction. rlhe ratchet teeth 20 and 23 aord a double lock to prevent reverse rotation of the spindle 20.

The ends of the hair forming the strand,

are. wound about the spindle and held by the linger 21. rl`hereupon the spindle is ro-` tated by means of a. knurled head 25 until the strand of hair is wound tightly thereon.l The spindle is turned until the hair is stretched and is held under considerable tension.

Thereupon a `pad 26 is moistened with a suitable lotion and disposed about the hair' on the spindle. rlhe heating device is then disposed about the pad and spindle, and heat -is applied to x the wave. f

rllhe heating device is well-known in the art and need not be described in detail. lt

4moveable parts together, form a substantially cylindrical chamber. The

heating elements 28 are disposed within the wall of this chamber and are adapted to' be connected to any suitable source of current. The device is adapted to bef held in closed position by a latch 29 which engages a pin y30 against the vtension of springs 31. When the latch is released, the device opens under the tension of the springs and may be disposed over the hair and spin` dle and then closed' by means of handles 32 provided for that purpose. When the heating is completed, the heating device is similarly released and removed.

The method of waving as hereinbefore de-v scribed depends upon the treatment of a lock or strand of hair not exceeding one and ahalf inches in width. As I have pointed out, the treatment of a wider strand produces an uneven wave because of the varying len hs of the straight portions of the hairs. a jacent the scalp. By treating the relatively narrow strand the inequalities in the straight portions of the hair adjacent the scal are minimized so-that the wave. more c osely approaches a natural wave and consequently. a'ords a more satisfactory result.'

While l have provided an improved clamp for use in practising the method, it is to be .understod that: any of the well-known devices adaptedfor this purpose may be utilized, provided that the strand of hair which is wound thereon does not exceed one and a half inches yin width and is, preferably, some- .what narrower to avoid the diculty which has been experienced heretofore hair by the croquinole method.

Various changes may be made in the details ofthe apparatus employed and in the procedure as described, without departing from the invention on sacrificing any of the advantages thereof.

ll claim:`

1. 1n la. device for permanently waving hair, a clamp having opposed relatively movable arms each provided with a groove, a rod supporting resilient means in one ofthe grooves, the resilient means being adapted to co-op erate with the groove in the opposite arm to firmly grip the hair, and means for locking the arms in closed position.

2. ln a device for permanently waving hair, a clamp having opposed relatively movable in waving porting resilient meansin one of the grooves, the resilient means being adapted to Ico-operate with the groove in the oppositea'rm to irmly grip the hair, means forlocklng the arms in closed position, a spindle co-operating with the clamp, and adouble lock permitting rotation of the yspindle only in one direction. L

3. lln a device for permanently waving arms each provided with a groove, a rod' suplill@ hair, a clamp having opposed relatively movable arms, each provided with a groove, a rod pivotally supported and carrying resilient means adapted to lie inone of the grooves and to (zo-operate with the other groove to rmly grip the hair, and means for locking the arms in closed position.

4. In a device for permanently waving hair, a clamp having opposed relatively movable arms, each provided with a groove, a rod pivotally supported and ejarrylng resilient means adapted to lie in one of the grooves and vto (zo-operate with the other groove to firmly grip the hair, means for locking the arms in closed position, a spindle oo-operating with .the clamp, and a double lock perf. mitting rotation of the spindle only in one direction.

In testimony whereof I aix m sionature.

2 f HARRY oimr.,l 

